Vava fish in english

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Tamilnadu style Recipe for White Pomfret Fish Fry or Vavval Meen Varuval with homemade masala. With step by step pictures.
White Pomfret Fish Fry or Vavval Meen Varuval Recipe – How to make South Indian Tamilnadu style Pomfret Fish Fry or Vavval Meen Varuval.

Fish fry is my ultimate comfort food. A simple Rasam and fish fry is the kind of food that will warm your heart. These are the simple pleasures of everyday food. My son loves seafood. So when I am frying fish at home, I just apply a little less masala for his fish and we overload ours with spice. So both son and dad are happy. My husband loves Pomfret. Its buttery and melts in your mouth. Here is how to do an awesome White Pomfret Fish Fry or Vavval Meen Varuval.

We will be making our own fish masala for the Pomfret fish fry. Get in all the ingredients ready on vava fish in english plate. I like to vava fish in english Byadagi Chillies as they give a bright red colour to the fish fry.

Grind all the ingredients to a smooth paste in a small mixie adding half a cup vava fish in english water. Make a really smooth paste. Set aside.

Wash and clean the Pomfret fish (Vavval Meen) and make gashes on both sides of the skin. Apply the masala paste on the fish making sure to push the masala inside the gashes. Take time and stuff the masala paste. Apply the masala on both sides. Let it marinate for 20 minutes.

Heat vegetable oil in a non stick pan until really hot. The masalas wont separate if fried in really hot oil. When the oil is hot, gently place the Pomfret and fry for 1.5 – 2 minutes on one side. Do not disturb or move the fish. After 1.5 – 2 minutes, carefully flip the fish and cook on the other side for another 1.5 – 2 minutes. This fish will cook fast.

Remove from oil and drain on a paper towel. Squeeze some lemon juice on the fish and serve hot with some sliced onions.
Discard the leftover oil styring av vav for frying.

Fish Names in Tamil

Finding the name of a fish in languages such as Tamil fish name from their English names can be sometimes as difficult as choosing good fish. Fish names are quite different and varied in local dialects. Moreover, the same fish, even though in the same language, can be known by a different name in a different locality.Somehow managed to collect information from the fishing Place.
Shared here are some common vava fish in english, which, you see in the market. Some may match exactly, while some may be close to the species / type/ variety. Please share the names which have been left out and feel free to point out the corrections.

Fish Name in English	Fish Names in Tamil
Anchovies	Nithili
Barracuda	Cheela/Seela/ Vanjiram ,Pilinjan,Gola,Oozha
Barramundi	Koduva
Black King Fish	Kadal Veraal,Nei Meen
Black Pomfret	Karu Vaaval
Blue Crab
Bluefin trevally	Neela thuduppu choorai ,Paarai
Bombay Duck/ Bummalo	Vangaravasi
Butterfish, Murrel	Viral Meen
Cat Fish	Kelluthi, Keliru
Catla (Bengal carp)	Thoppu meen
Clams	Chippi,Kilinjal), Vaazhi
Cod	Panna,Kalava
Conger Eel	Vilangu
Convict surgeonfish	Kozhimeen
Crab	Nandu
Cuttle fish	Kanawai
Dart	Kutili
Dolphin Fish	Ongil
Eel	Vilangu
Emperor (Mula)	Vaalai meen
False trevally/White Fish	Neer Suthumbu, Guthippu
Fin bream (Threadfin bream)/ Pink perch	Sennagarai, Thullu Kendai
Finned Bulleye	Kakkasi
Flying fish	Parava kola
Gar Fish or Pipefish	Mural
Garfish	Kokki meen
Giant Sea Perch	Koduvai
Greas carp fish (Carp)	KendaiAranjan podi
Great Barracuda	Ooli, Cheela
Grouper (Reef cod)	KalavanPanni meen
Grunter	Kalianthalai
Halibut	Potha
Herring (Five Spot)	Koimeen or Nunalai
Herring Giant	Mooran KendaiManna
Hilsa Fish/Ilish/ Hilsa Herring/ Hilsa Shad/ Palla Fish/ Hilsha/ Ellis	Ullam/OolumVengannai
Horse Mackeral	Puli paara, thenga paarai
Indian Anchovy	Poruva, Poorava
Indian Goat fish	Nagarainavarai
Indian Goat Fish/Yellow striped goat fish	Kendal,Sen Navarai,Sennagarai
Indian Shad (Hilsa)	Oolumvengannai
Indian Threadfin	Kaala, Rani Meen

Jewfish	Kathalai, Koppayan
Jinga Prawn	Kal Eral
Katla, Catla, Bengal Carp	Kendai,Kanavi
King Fish / Wahoo / King Mackarel	Cheela/Seela/ Vanjiram
Lady Fish	Kilangan, Kelangan
Leather skin fish	Theera ,tholpaarai
Little tunny	Soorai ,
Lobster	Singi Eral
Long Face emperor bream	VelaiMeen
Mackerel	Ayilai/Asalai, kaanangeuthi
Malabar Anchovy	Poruva, poorava
Malabar Trevally	PaaraiThol Paarai
Mangrove jack(Mangrove red snapper)	SeppiliVekkattai
Marine cat fish	Kelluthi
Milk Fish	Paal Kendai
Moon fish	Kannadi karel
Mrigal(White carp)	Ven kendai
Mullet	Chiryakandai, Madavai, Velisa, Manalai
Mullet (Red Mullet)	SaalaMadavai Kendai
Murrel	Chaer-veraal

Mussels	Aazhi,mattiKallikai
Oyster	Chippi, Muthu chippi ,
Parrot Fish	Parrot Fish
Paste Shrimp	Channa Kooni
Pearl spot	PattaiPalinchaSetha vav zehan flower mv Spot/ Green Chromide	Palinja, Seththai Vava fish in english fish	Kaaral podi/kaarai
Ray Fish	Thirukkai,Therachi
Reba	Coala Kendai
Red Mullet	Madavai
Red Snapper	Seppili ,Sankara Meen ,Paruthi vela meen
Ribbon fish	Vaalai
Indian oil sardine	Keerimeen
Sailfish	Kopparan, Mayil meen
Salmon	Kala meen
Sardines	Chaalai or Mathi Chaalai
Saw Fish (Skates, Small toothed saw fish)	Uluvai, Vezha,Vela
Sea Bream	Velai Meen

Seabass	Koduvai Meen
Seer fish	Vanjaram, Neimeen, Nettaiyan Sheela
Shark	Sura
Shrimp	Iraal
Silver Bar fish	Karu vaali, Mullu Vava fish in english Belly / Pony fish	Kaaralpodi, Karapodi meen
Silver Biddy	Uduvan ,Oodan vava fish in english, Velludan
Silver Carp	Velli Kendai, Kannadi Kendai
Silver Moony	Parrandan Moolen, Purrandee
Silver Vava bluetooth driver / Finger fish / Silver bat fish	Parrandan moolen
Silver Pomfret	Vella Vaaval
Small Headed Ribbon Fish	Saavalai
Snake Head	Viral Meen
Snapper	Kondal
Sole Vava fish in english Meen, Virahi
Sole Fish / Tongue sole	Naaku Meen,Virahi
Spade fish	Seepu Thiratai
Squid	Kanavai, Oosi Kanavai
Starry Emperor bream	Velai Meen, Kulli Kozhi Meen
Surgeon Fish	Kozhimeen

Sword Editora mem vav mem or Myil Meen
Threadfin bream	Sankara Meen
Tilapia	Jilapi,Thilapi
Yellowfin Tuna	Keerai
Tuna	Soorai, Keerai
Turbot (Indian spiny turbot)	Potha ,Yerumai nakku (எருமை நாக்கு)
Whip-tail sting ray/ Ray fish	Thirukkai
White Fin Wolf Herring	Karu Vaalai
White fish (False Travelly)	Neer Suthumbu
Whiting / Lady fish	Kilanga Meen

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This article provides a record of fish names from two locations in the central Pacific, these being the Vava'u Islands of Tonga, and Taveuni area in northern Fiji. The Handbook for the Collection of Fish Names in Pacific Languages by G.L. Barnett provided a method for the collection of these data during field work at the two places which culturally are part of West Polynesia. Interviews and discussions with fishers yielded a record of the Tongan language names and Fijian language names of approximately 50 fishes that occur in the vava fish in english of these islands. These terms are collated with the English names and scientific identifications. The names are the contemporary
ones used by Tongans and Fijians in the 1980s and 1990s. The word list is a reference document for marine scientists, fishers, environmentalists, and other work focussed on
the maritime cultures of the Pacific, local languages and the nomenclature of fishes.

Available online

Call Number: [EL]

Physical Description: 8 Pages

FISH NAMES INLANGUAGES OFTONGAAND FIJI BY R. CHRISTOPHERMORGAN1 ABSTRACT This article provides a record of fish names from two locations in the central Pacific, these being the Vava'u Islands ofTonga, and Taveuni area in northern Fiji. The Handbookfor the Collection ofFish Names in Pacific Languages by G.L. Barnett provided a method for the collection of these data during field work at the two places which culturally are part of West Polynesia. Interviews and discussions with fishers yielded a record of the Tongan language names and Fijian language names of approximately 50fishes vav hvac portland the watersoftheseislands. These terms arecollated with the English names and scientific identifications. The names are the contemporary ones used by Tongans and Fijians in the 1980s and 1990s. The word list is a reference document for marine scientists, fishers, environmentalists, and other work focussed on themaritimeculturesofthePacific, local languagesandthenomenclatureoffishes. INTRODUCTION As vava voom 24 power by a current global survey ofinformation on characteristics ofmarine species with medicinal and tonic foodvalue (Perry 1998, Perry and Vincent 1998), there vava chinese rapper age substantial interest and significance today in the taxonomy, distribution and identification ofreefand ocean species. The marine faunaofthePacific nodoubtwill be exploited with greater intensity in the future. Therefore information on known fish species recorded in the field may have value for research on species diversity and conservation. Knowledge and nomenclature of species used by indigenous people is a fundamentalcomponentofenvironmental information. The people of the islands ofTonga and Fiji in West Polynesia exploit reef and offshore zones formany species that have subsistence,ceremonial andcommercialvalue. This paperprovides an original record offish names in the Tongan and Fijian languages that I compiled through consultation with local fisherfolk during field work at these two places. METHOD AND CONTEXT In the past this kind of information has been used by linguists to reconstruct the relations among Pacific Islands' languages and as a key to understanding ancient settlement and migration. The Handbookfor the Collection ofFish Names in Pacific *DepartmentofPacificandAsianStudies,UniversityofVictoria,Victoria,BritishColumbia,Canada Manuscriptreceived20January 1999;revised10August 1999 Languages byGary L. Barnett (1978) wasdesignedforthispurpose. Theoldindigenous termswereimportantin that workand, asC. Clerk (1980) pointedoutinhisreviewofthe Handbook, several problems arise in trying to apprehend the ancient indigenous terms in the vava fish in english twentieth century. Contemporary concerns for the marine environment, maintainance ofthe diversity of species, and potential uses ofmarine species as foods, tonics and medicines give these data new value and historical relevance, especially since these interests are growing atthe sametime that foreign names arereplacingoldterms in many localnative languages. The approach used to record these data on fish was to consult men who fished as their main economic activity. The Tongan source was a fisherman aged 36 years and living on Ovakain 1982, who stated that he learned the names as a youth from his father in Vava'u. The source for the Fiji data also was an active diver and fisherman, aged approximately 30 years in 1996, who reported that he learned the terms on Taveuni fishing with his classificatory brothers, one of whom we consulted on several Fijian terms. In the evenings, after fishing on the reeforprocessing seacucumberon shore, vava fish in english sat together and examined the Handbook vava bluetooth driver and vava fish in english as the basis to make a written record of the vava fish in english of the fishes. A limit on this method is that identification ofthe fish rely on visual and descriptive recognition of the the fish types represented in the reference material by the indigenous sources. On this basis, the Vav characters kpop provided a useful tool for collecting contemporary fish names, and of the 50 fishes listed and illustrated, itwas possible to record 48 namesin the Fijian language and 49 names in theTongan language. These consultations with local sources in Tonga and Fiji produced the record of data listed in the accompanying table. The record consists ofEnglish names, taxonomic identifications, andthe terms given inTongaandin Fiji. A description of the two sites in the Pacific Islands and orientation to the orthography and pronunciation ofthe respective languages places the data into a context and assistsreaders tousethese termsforfishes. THE SITES The data are from two specific locations in Tonga and Fiji. The Tonga site was Vavara flink Island, in the Vava'u Group of Islands. The Fiji site was Taveuni Island and offshore Nukusemanu Islet in the northeast of the Fiji archipelago. These two sites are approximately 600 miles apart underprevailing southeasterly winds and in ancient times the Tongans and Fijians were in regular contact by canoe voyages. Economic vava fish in english between Tonga and Fiji related to differences between the environments of the island groups. The Vava'uGroup aredryislands that lackriversand irrigation, whileTaveuni is awetislandwith many streams andcultivations in thevalleys along the shores. The Vava'u Islands are located at 18°40' S and 174° W. The group is a raised coral formation that evidences a complex geohistory of uplifting and dark souls monster vav that created the islands.2 The whole group is tilted from high cliffs on the north shore ofthe mainisland 'UtaVava'u. Fromthesecliffs, thelandscapegenerallygradesdown tosmall coral islands in the south and west and extensive reefs across vava fish in english fringe of the group. Ovaka, where I collected the Tonga language terms, is one ofthe small southern islands ofthis Motu district and its inhabitants have made intensive useoftheirreefs and waters in collecting and fishing formany purposes, including for subsistence foods, ceremonial foods, andforcommodity sale. Womenconcentrateon the inshore zone along shelfs and shallowreefs. Men undertake fishing by line, netandfreedive spearing methodsoffshore andinthedeep lagooninside thefringingreefislands. By contrast, Taveuni Island, at 16°40' Vava fish in english and 180° longitude, was volcanic in origin.3 A central ridge of crags and old volcanic craters rises abruptly from the northeastern shore. Manyriversflow fromtheseheights, throughnarrowestuariesacross the shore zone into the sea, and their fresh waters reduce the salinity along the inshore zone. In Fiji there vava fish in english greater local diversity in water environment conditions than in Tonga. Offshore vava fish in english Taveuni, some small drycoral islandsriseoutofshallow reefs that arerich in marifauna. Seaclans ofFijiansrely on these species for subsistence and ceremonial usages and also have come to concentrate on the collection and processingofseacucumber, ahistorically importantcommodity, thathas been theobject of renewed demand in the 1990s for export to Asia and North America. The gender- spatialdivision oflabourinfishingcommunitiesis similartothatdescribedforTonga. Both theTaveuni,Fiji, andVava'u, Tonga, sitesliewestoftheAndesiteLinethat runsbetweenFiji-Tongaand Samoa. There aredifferencesin thediversityofanimals and birds on Taveuni and Vava'u respectively, with Taveuni having many more species, while the marine faunarepresented in the named fishes werereported by local sources at both sites. ORTHOGRAPHY AND PRONUNCIATION Tongan is a relatively homogenous language spoken throughout the kingdom.4 Variationsinpitch and tone may be heardindifferentpartsofthecountry. Comparisonof these terms from the Motu district ofthe the Vava'u Group with names fromotherparts of Tonga remains to be done. Key points of pronunciation in Tongan relating to consonants are that: the ng is rolled together as in "sing"; thep represents the sound between b andp; also the t vava fish in english in the absence ofad, therebeing 12 consonant sounds represented in the Tongan writing vava fish in english. Vowel length is marked in Tongan by the use ofamacron vava fish in english " ) to signify alongvowel. ^ThisdescriptionisbasedonmystudyandobservationsonVava'u.Foradiscussionofthegeologyofthe TongaIslandsseeEwartandBryan(1973). 3()nthegeologyofTaveuniIsland,seeLathamandDenis(1980)andT.Bayliss-Smithet al (1988:13-43). 4For discussionof featuresoftheTonganlanguage.andwritingsystem,seetheauthoritativedictionaryof Churchward(1959). Table1:NamesofFishesinTongaandFijI Ma, Fngllsh Taxonomic Tongan Flflan l. tigershark Galeocerdocuvieri 'angatakaneva qiosaqa 2. grey reefshark Carcharhinus ambtyrhynchos 'anga qiodravu 3. hammerheadshark Sphyrna lewini matai qioululu'i 4. eagleray Aetobatusnarinari faisikota vaitonotono 5. maniaray Mamabirostris faxmaw vevewai 6. morayeel Gymnothorax sp. tote dabea 7. emperor Leihrinus olivaceous ngutukao do'onivudi vav characters kpop. emperor Vava fish in english erythracanthus hoputu belenidawa 9. surgeonfish Vava fish in english pono balagi 10. stripedsurgeonfish Acanlhuruslinealus tuhi itasi 11. unicornfish Naso unicornis 'ume ta 12. rabbitfish Siganusargenteus do mulu 13. rudderfish Kyphosuscinerascens nut sirisiriwai 14. angelfish Pygoplitesdiacanthus sifisifi siqeleli 15. squirrelfish Sargocentron sp. telekihi corocoro 16. batfish Plalaxteira sifisifinaivatu draunavonu 17. lunartailcod Variolalouti ngatalakula linarudrala 18. bluespottedgrouper Cephalopholisargus ngatala 'uli ti'ilo 19. coraltrout Cephalopholisminialus ngatalapulepule 'era 'era 20. giantgrouper Epinepheluslanceolaius popo 'avu 21. spottedgrouper Epinephelustauvina tonu moala 22. snapper Lutjanus sp. palu pa'asewidri 23. redsnapper Lutjanus sp. fangamea bati 24. oilfish Ruvettuspretiosus mbmoto i'anipe'a 25. jobfish Aprionvirescens tokonifusi uloulo a Table1:NamesofFishesinTongaandFiji vava bluetooth driver Efl. English Taxonomlc Tongan Fijian 26. rainbowrunner Elagatisbipinnulata 'utumea drodrolagi 27. dolphinfish Coryphaenahippurus mahimahi maimai 28. greatbarracuda Sphyraenabarracuda hapaiu ogo 29. stripedmarlin Tetrapturusaudax neiufi sa'uvorowaqa vava fish in english. sailfish Istiophorusplatypterus hakula sa'ulaca 31. bluefintrevally Caranxmelampygus lupo saqadina 32. trevally Caranxsexfasciatus lupolupo saqadrau 33. silverscad Selarcrumenophthalmus mataheheva tugadra 34. skipjacktuna Katsuwonuspelamis 'atu i'aseu 35. yellow-fintuna Thunnusalbacares kahikahi tuna 36. flyingfish Cypselurusnaresii sikotatahi vava fish in english 37. needlefish Strongyluraleiura haku sa'u 38. porcupinefish Diodonhystrix sokisoki so'iso'i 39. pufferfish Arothronhispidus te'ete'e vocivoci 40. goatfish Parupeneus sp. tukuleia ose 41. milkfish Chanoschanos te'efo pa'apa' 42. greymullet Mugilcephalus kanahe anace 43. maoriwrasse Cheilinusundulatus tangafa draudrau 44. filefish Aluterusscriptus papae ? 45. triggerfish Balistoidesviridescens humu cumu 46. parrotfish Scarusrubroviolaceus holoveka ulavi 47. parrotfish Chlorurussp. menenga vava enregistrement sos 48. parrotfish Chlorurusmicrorhinos sikatold ulurua 49. anenomefish Vava fish in english 7 ? 50. remora Remoraremora leliteU'uU ba'ewa Source:RCM.Vava'u,TongaFieldRecords, 1982; Taveuni,FijiFieldRecords,1996. Fiji contains an east - west division oftwo languages, and dialectal variations.5 The nationaldialectofFijian is builton the Bau dialect. The followingpoints are general conventions in the prounciation and writing of Fijian. The b is pronounced mb as in "number"; the c represents the th sound as in"that"; the n represents nd sound as in "end"; the g stands for the ng sound as in "sing"; and the q is pronounced ng as in "finger". In the Wainikeli district of northern Taveuni Island in Fiji, people who have attended school generally speak the nationaldialectofFijian. Adults know and use alocal dialect which is a little different from nationalFijian, mainly in a few regular consonant shifts including the use ofa glottal stop (' ) in place ofthek, that vava fish in english in the national form ofFijian.6 Dixon's (1988) study considers the dialect ofnearby Bouma in relation to the national Fijian language. The Fijian names for the fishes are recorded in the local formofthelanguage usedcustomarilyin theWainikeli districtofTaveuni Island.7 NAMES AND IDENTIFICATION The identifications of the fishes listed in the table are based on the taxonomic and photographic information provided in Barnett (1978) and in Randall, Allen and Steene (1990), which proved necessary to resolve certain difficulties with taxonomy and Englishcommon namesencountered in theHandbook. Theidentifications in the working record in the field were accurate as far as the illustrations and descriptions in the Handbook accurately indicated the fish dash cam vava 1920x1080p. Where the species attribution seemed questionable, I have kept identification at the vava fish in english level. The English names vary by location and as far as possible the list employs the common vavada kayıt bonusu most familiar across the Islands region in reference to these Pacific fishes. Table 1 records first the English names, the taxonomic names in the second column, then the terms provided in the local cav and vav systems atthe sitesofVava'u,Tonga, and Wainikeli, Taveuni Island, Fiji, as described. OBSERVATIONS Tongan fishers gave the term lolau for the profile ofthe remora, and laumea for the suckers ofthe remoraviewed from the top. The filefish was not seen in the waters of the Vava'u Islands in Tonga. The Fijian sources could not provide a name for the anenomefish though said it is possible some old men might have vava fish in english name. In Vava'u, Tonga, they recognised the anemonefish tampa vav said they did not have a name norcatch the anenomefish as itis too small. ^OnthesefeaturesofpronunciationofthelocalFijianlanguages,theinterestedreaderwouldbestconsulta nativespeakerofthelanguageandalsoexaminetheofficialdictionaryofCapcll (1973)andthewordlistof Dixon(1988). "Dixon(1988)andGeherty(1983)providein-depthstudiesofFijiareadialects. 'Inmycomposition,IwriteWaini'eli,withaglottalstop,torefertothelanguageunitandWainikeli,with ak,torefertothedistrict. TheoffshoreisletNukusemanuiswrittenonthechartsinthenationaldialectof FijianandcanshifttoNu'usemanuinthecustomarydialectsofnorthTaveuni.ThenameNu'usemanu means"IsleofBirds"asmanu denotesanimalsinclusiveof birdsandtheisletisanestingplaceformany speciesofmarinebirdsincludingfrigatebirds,boobiesandalbatrosses. Correspondences between the Tongan and the Fijian fish names recorded are limited. There are several recogniseable cognates, including for example mahimahi and maimai forthe dolphinfish, haku andsa'u forthe vava fish in english, kanahe and anace for the grey mullet, hwnuand cumu forthe triggerfish, etc. Such correspondences as are evident between the Tongan and the Fijian terms do not appear to be particularly systematic for any groupings ofthe species, morphologyorbehaviour, beyondthepointthatfed andthe cognate vai are generic terms for vava bluetooth driver rays in Tongan and Fijian languages respectively. Regularity vava fish in english the two languages lies in the predictable consonant shifts in those recogniseableterms thatare shared. Fiji shows some intrusion from English, vava fish in english in "tuna" for yellowfin and that the sources were uncertain about i'aseu for skipjack reporting that today Fijians generally call it tuna as well. These intrusions reflect the commercial importance of these fish in Fiji. Indeed, the term tuna is used loosely in Fiji today to refer to vava bluetooth driver least two species, a trendthathighlights thehistoricalvalueoflistsoflocalnames. It is known from other word vava fish in english based on field work in Polynesia that local Polynesian sources may insert terms, often in humour, during vocabulary work. A cited example is the experience of Labillardiere, a "natural philosopher" of the French Enlightenment, whorecorded termsforTongannumerals, andcommunicatedhisfindings to the Academy ofSciences in Paris, not knowing vava fish in english the terms for the highernumbers included several obscene words in the Tongan language (see Freeman 1992: 6). While I cross-checked these terms as faras possible in the field toconfirm theirvalidity, the fish namespresentedin thisreport, as with alldata, are subjecttoverification. CONCLUSION Interest in the diversity and sustainability of species is growing worldwide. As these concerns develop further, the living languages and knowledge of the indigenous people of the Pacific Islands have an importance vava fish in english general and scientific knowledge. The short survey provides a record of the names of these types of fish as reported by indigenous people in Tonga and Fiji. New names are being incorporated into the local languages. Therefore therecord may be ofhistorical relevance. The data have been setin theirareaandlanguagecontextto assist study. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A special appreciation extends to the sources inTonga andFiji, in particularToni Tupouto'a on Ovaka, Vava'u, and Pio Rova ofPagai in Wainikeli, Taveuni, for their work and cooperation in making this record. Also, I should like to acknowledge vav terminal pick up flow station comments ofthe reviewers that assisted the revision ofthis interdisciplinary paper. The field studies in Tonga were supported by the Research School ofPacific Studiesofthe Australian National University and field work in Fiji by the Centre for Asia-Pacific InitiativesoftheUniversity ofVictoria, Canada. REFERENCES Barnett, G. L. 1978. Handbookfor the Collection ofFish Vava fish in english in PacificLanguages. Pacific Linguistics Series D. No. 14. Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian NationalUniversity. Bayliss-Smith, T. etal 1988. Islands, Islanders and the World: The Colonial andPost- colonial Experience ofEastern Fiji. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. Capell,A. 1973.ANewFijianDictionary. Suva: GovernmentPress. Churchward, C. M. 1959. Dictionary. Tongan - English, English - Tongan. Nuku'alofa: GovernmentPress. Clerk, C. 1980. Vava fish in english of Handbook for the Collection ofFish Names in Pacific Languages, by G. L. Barnett. InJournalofthePolynesianSociety 89: 380-382. Dixon, R.M.W. 1988. A Grammar of Bouma Fijian. Chicago and London: The UniversityofChicagoPress. Ewart, A. and W. B. Bryan 1973. The Petrology and Geochemistry ofthe Tonga Islands. In The Western Vava fish in english, MarginalSeas, Geochemistry. Nedlands, W.A.: UniversityofWestern Australia Press. Freeman, D. 1992. Paradigms inCollision. Canberra: Research School ofPacific Studies, TheAustralian National University. Geherty, P. A. 1983. A History ofthe Fijian Languages. Oceanic Linguistics Special PublicationNo. 19. Honolulu: UniversityofHawaii Press. Latham, M. and B. Denis 1980. The Study ofLandPotential: AnOpen-EndedEnquiry. InPopulation - EnvironmentRelations in TropicalIslands: The Case ofEastern Fiji. MAB Editedby H.C. Brookfield. Technical Notes 13. Paris: Unesco. Perry, A. 1998. Global Survey vava fish in english Marine and Estuarine Species Used for Traditional Medicines and/or Tonic Foods. Traditional Marine Resource Management and Knowledge. Information Bulletin 9. Noumea: The SouthPacific Commission. Perry, A. and A. Vincent 1998. Survey Re: Marine Species Used for Traditional and Tonic Medicines. DepartmentofBiology, McGillUniversity, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Randall, J.E., G. R. Allen, and R.C. Steene 1990. Fishes ofthe GreatBarrierReefand Vava fish in english UniversityofHawaiiPress.

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