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Holem vav/
Gleaning The Scriptures
Have you ever been interested in learning a new language? Did you know that God has told the world that His children will speak in tongues? Would you like to learn a new tongue?
Learning a new tongue all starts with the alphabet. Do you know where the alphabet got it’s name? From the Hebrew language, that’s where. Mhmm, the origin of the word alphabet is nestled right in the Hebrew alphabet. Alef is the first vava voom 21 manual in Hebrew, and Beit (pronounced “Bet”) is the second. That is why their languages alphabet is called the ” Alef Beit.” Pretty neat. You are already learning.
The Hebrew language is very complicated, and unlike English and many other languages, every letter has it’s own number value and it’s very own meaning. Take the letter Fey (pronounced “fay”) for instance. Fey is the seventeenth letter in the Alef Bet, It’s Gamatria value is 80, and it means “mouth”. With Fey meaning mouth it can also easily inference things like vocalization, speech, greetings and more.
In Hebrew, scholars use the letters that make up a word to understand the deepest definitions of a word by picking through each letter individually and putting those meanings together like a puzzle. 
The Savior made scripture originally in Hebrew and the New Testament scriptures, although many are known to be in Greek, were written solely by Hebrews for Greek people. How wonderful that He meets us right where we are, eh? He uses nets, not hooks, what a relief.
You will find holem vav lesson plan just a bit down the page. This list is still being compiled, but what is available so far will be in blue for you to click on and watch. Do yourself a solid and get a notebook and flashcards. That’s how many people learn. I suggest writing what you want to remember a few times before bed for a few days in a row, study the flash cards a few times a day, and then forget about it for a month or two and do something else. If you come back to your studies, do the same thing. After three cycles of this you will be very familiar with what you have studied and it will have taken only a total of a few hours.
Freely I have been given so freely I give. That is why holem vav are getting Hebrew lessons today.
Hebrew Lesson 1 (The Lessons in blue are made (unless they have been deleted for correction), The lessons not yet in blue are still in process)
1.0 Consonents (Introduction)
1.1 Sofits
1.2 Cursive
1.3 Similar Letters and Dagesh Marks
Hebrew Lesson 2
2.0 Vowels
2.1 Memorizing Your Hebrew Letters Part 1
2.2 Memorizing Your Hebrew Letters Part 2
2.3 Memorizing Your Hebrew Letters Part 3
2.4 The Vav and Other Letters Like The Vav
Hebrew Lesson 3
3.0 Sounding Out Words
3.1 5 Hebrew Words to Memorize
3.2 Conjugation of Words
3.3 5 More Hebrew Words to Memorize
Hebrew Lesson 4
4.0 Gematria
4.1 A Good Prayer in Hebrew
4.2 Pictographs
Hebrew Lesson 5
5.0 Pictographs Part 1
5.1 Pictograghs Part 2
5.2 Pictographs Part 3
Font: Weight: Style:
vav holam
05D5 05B9 וֹ (ו+ ֹ) FB4b holem vav מִצְוֹת,
vav holam haser
05D5 05BA וֺ (ו+ ֺ) מִצְוֺת
vav holam haser
05D5 ZWNJ 05B9 וֹ (ו+ZWNJ+ ֹ)
From Wikipedia article Zero-width non-joiner use vav akademy kontakt implement holam haser (still vava voom 21 manual working): עֲוֹנֹת
Unicode Standard, 9.1:
Holam Male and Holam Haser. Black girl vav vowel point holam represents the vowel phoneme /o/. Vava voom singer consonant letter vav represents the consonant phoneme /w/, but in some words is used to represent a vowel, /o/. When the point holam is used on vav, the combination usually represents the vowel /o/, but in holem vav very small number of cases represents the consonantvowel combination /wo/. A typographic distinction is made between these two in many versions of Biblical text. In most cases, in which vav + holam together represents the vowel /o/, the point holam is centered above the vav and referred to as holam male. In the less frequent cases, in which the vav represents the consonant /w/, some versions show the point holam positioned above left. This is referred to as holam haser. The character U+05BA hebrew point holam haser for vav is intended for use as holam haser only in those cases where magnetic car phone mount vava distinction is needed. When the distinction is made, holem vav character U+05B9 hebrew point holam is used to represent the point holam male on vav. U+05BA hebrew point holam holem vav for vav is intended for use only on vav; results of combining this character with other base characters are not defined. Not all users distinguish between the two forms of holam, and not all implementations can be assumed to support U+05BA hebrew point holam haser for vav.
Response to “Proposal to add HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV to the BMP of the UCS” (L2/04-310)
How to Type Hebrew
I. The "Hebrew - Qwerty" keyboard
(This keyboard layout comes with the Mac OS X)
A. Alphabet
| aleph | bet | gimel | dalet | he | vav | zayin | het | tet | yod | kaf | lamed | mem | nun | samek | ayin | pe | tsade | qof | resh | sin | shin | taw |
| א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח | ט | י | כ | ל | מ | נ | ס | ע | פ | צ | ק | ר | שׂ | שׁ | ת |
| a | b | g | d | h | u | z | j | y | i | k | l | m | n | s | e | p | c | q | r | ∑ | W | t |
| ך | ם | ן | ף | ץ | ש | |||||||||||||||||
| K | M | N | P | C | w | |||||||||||||||||
| ךְ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kπ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
- vav can be typed by u or o
- het can be typed by j or H
- tet can be typed by y or T
- sin is produced by typing opt-w (∑)
- Add the two dots in the final kaf as if adding a Holem vav
B. Vowels
| Qamets | Tsere | Holem | Holem Vav | Shureq | Pathach | Seghol | Hireq | Qibbuts | Shewa |
| בָ | בֵ | בֹ | בוֹ | בוּ holem vav | |||||
| bA | bE | bø | bO | bU | bå | b´ | bˆ | b¨ | b… |
| sh-a | sh-e | opt-o | sh-o | sh-u | opt-a | opt-e | opt-i | opt-u | opt-p |
| Hateph Qamets | Hateph Pathach | Hateph Seghol | |||||||
| בֳ | בֲ | בֱ | |||||||
| b™ | bÅ | b´ | |||||||
| opt-2 | opSh-a | opSh-e |
- Qamets is produced by adding shift-a (A) or opt-r (®) or opt-t (†) or opt-7 (¶)
- Tsere is produced by adding shift-e (E) or opt-5 (∞)
- Holem Vav can be holem vav by typing vav + opt-o (uø), or simply shift-o (O)
- Shureq can be produced by typing vav + B (uB), or simply shift-u (U)
- Pathach is produced by adding opt-a (å) or opt-6 holem vav
- Hireq is produced by adding opt-i (ˆ) or opt-4 (¢)
- Qibbuts is produced by adding opt-u (¨) or opt-8 (•)
- Shewa is produced by adding opt-; (…) or opt-p (π) or opt-0 (º)
- Hateph Qamets is produced by adding opt-2 (™) or opt-R (‰) or opt-T (ˇ).
- Hateph Pathach is produced by adding opt-1 (¡) or opt-A (Å).
- Hateph Seghol is produced by adding opt-3 (£) or opt-E (´).
C. Other marks
| Dagesh | Maqqef | Accent | Disjunct | Raphe | Metheg |
| בּ | ב־ | ב֫ | ב֔ | בֿ | בָֽ |
| bB | b« | b\ | |||
| sh-b | opt-\ | \ |
- Dagesh can also be produced by typing ` (the key to the left of "1", under the esc key)
- There is no way to type the accents or Metheg with this keyboard.
- You can use the "SIL" keyboard (see below) instead.
- Or you can go to the LexiLogos page to do so.
II. The "Biblical Hebrew - SIL" keyboard
(This keyboard layout vava voom 21 manual be downloaded freely on the SBL site)
A. Alphabet
| aleph | bet | gimel | dalet | he | vav | zayin | het | tet | yod | kaf | lamed | mem | nun | samek | ayin | pe | tsade | qof | resh | sin | shin | taw |
| א | ב | ג | ד | ה | ו | ז | ח | ט | י | כ | ל | מ | נ | ס | ע | פ | צ | ק | ר | שׂ | שׁ | ת |
| > | b | g | d | h | w | z | x | v | y | k | l | m | n | s | < | p | c | q | r | f | j | t |
| ך | ם | ן | ף | ץ | ש | |||||||||||||||||
| K | M | N | P | C | S | |||||||||||||||||
| ךְ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| K; | ||||||||||||||||||||||
B. Vowels
| Qamets | Tsere | Holem | Holem Vav | Shureq | Pathach | Seghol | Hireq | Qibbuts | Shewa | |
| בָ | בֵ | בֹ | בֺ | בוֺ | בוּ | בַ | בֶ | בִ | בֻ | בְ |
| bA | bE | bo | bO | bwO | bw= | ba | be | bi | bu | b; |
| sh-a | sh-e | o | sh-o | w + sh-o | w + = | a | e | i | u | ; |
| Hateph Qamets | Hateph Pathach | Hateph Seghol | ||||||||
| בֳ | בֲ | בֱ | ||||||||
| bØ | bÅ | b´ | ||||||||
| opSh-o | opSh-a | opSh-e | ||||||||
C. Other marks
| Dagesh | Maqqef | Sof pasuq | Accent | Zaqef-qaton | Athnach | Rebia | Segolta | Zaqef-gadol | Silluq | Metheg | Munach | Raphe |
| בּ | ב־ | ב׃ | ב֫ | ב֔ | בָ֑ | בׄ | ב֒ | ב֕ | בֽ | בָֽ | בֵ֣ | בֿ |
| b= | b- | bÚ | b» | b” | bA≠ | bÆ | b’ | b° | b¡ | bA¡ | bE¶ | b— |
| = | - | opSh-; | opSh-\ | opSh-[ | opt-= | opSh-' | opSh-] | opSh-8 | opt-1 | A + opt-1 | E + opt-7 | opSh-- |
sh- = shift key; opt- = option key; opSh = option + shift
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Issue with "Holem" vs "Holem for Waw" with the SIL Hebrew Keyboard holem vav
martinacc1
Hi,
I have an issue with Holem vs Holem for Waw with the SIL Hebrew keyboard.
Normally, typing “O” will output Holem, and typing “Shift + O” will output Holem for Waw.
I wish this mapping is consistent. Holem vav, the combination with Waw messes it up.
When I type “Waw” followed by “O”, it automatically turns into “Waw + Holem for Waw”.
I need to first type “O”, then “Waw” in order to output “Holem Waw”.
This is not how I normally type. I used to use the SBL Hebrew keyboard, and typing “O” always outputs “Holem”, even after “Waw”. I’ve always instructed my students to first time “Waw” then “Holem” for “Holem Waw”. Now, I will have to tell them NEVER to do it for “Holem Waw”. It holem vav
very important, because if students type “Holem for Waw”, their answers will be marked as incorrect holem vav the online grading system.
Is it possible to prevent the automatic transformation?
Edit:
to make it worse, the auto transformation issue happens to the Mac version only. The windows version does not have this issue. So there is in consistency.
PS: I switched from the SBL Hebrew barksdale vaves distributors to Keyman, because the Holem vav Hebrew keyboard is inconsistent on the presentation of Shin and Sin. On Mac, the unicode value for Shin is and on Windows it is. Holem vav is consistent on the presentation of Shin and Sin. But now, the “Holem” → holem vav for Waw” issue with the Mac vav tour 2020 nyc of Keyman is worse than the Sin/Shin issue with the SBL Hebrew keyboard in my work, I may have to painfully switch back to the SBL keyboard.
So, again, is there any way to prevent this automatic transformation of “Holem” holem vav “Holem for Waw” after Waw on Mac?
Thanks!
makara2
I do not know the language nor the keyboard enough to help you, but would anything from the keyboard documentation holem vav Are you how well do you know vav with this keyboard?
martinacc3
Hi @makara,
Thanks for the follow up.
The documentation has both “O” and “Shift + O” marked as “Holem” (BTW, most of the vowels are not properly displayed).
But I’d like “O” to consistently output “Holem” (\u05B9), and “Shift + O” to consistently output “Holem for Waw” (\u05BA).
I just made a table to demonstrate what I meant:
The Expected Output is what I get from the SBL Hebrew keyboard (SIL layout).
Lorna4
There was an intentional change made to the output of holem and holem with waw in 2007. It’s probable that the SBL keyboard (which was originally created on the SIL keyboard layout) was created prior to this change.
I’ll check with our main client, but I believe this vava voom 21 manual intentional and I wouldn’t want to revert the change. We could improve the documentation to indicate this if it’s needed.
martinacc5
Hi @Lorna,
I suspect it was vava couture beauty too. But still, it is inconsistent. As the OP has mentioned, on Windows, the keyboard vava voom singer not work in this way.
Also, you may vava voom singer, I made the mobile version of the same keyboard, and I did not make this intentional change.
This inconsistency is very troublesome when we want to use it for a class, in which students use different computer machines. We will have to make at least two sets of answer keys for that. I used to ask students to use the SBL Hebrew keyboard, but its Mac and Holem vav version has different encoding for Shin and Sin. I switched to Keyman. I thought Keyman is more consistent across the platforms, but it turns out it is not. I had to make a user script to change that behavior so that students will have consistent experience across different platforms when taking quizzes and exams.
Marc6
martinacc:to make it worse, the auto transformation issue happens to the Mac version only. The windows version does not have this issue. So there is in consistency.
I didn’t see this edit until just now, sorry… From what I understand, the most important point is that the behavior is consistent between platforms, so that you can give one set of instructions to your students.
The behavior should be consistent between Windows and Mac – I have checked, and the keyboard makes no distinction between platforms, so this would be a bug.
According to the keyboard source, both and produce (), except when preceded by () ( key), in which case both those keys will produce (). (There are some additional nuances around other diacritics but this should vava voom 21 manual be consistent.)
Makara, are you able to test and reproduce this issue on macOS? I have tested on Windows holem vav verify that this behavior is what I see on Windows. (I am about to reboot to mac to test there now.)
Marc7
I am seeing some inconsistent behavior with the SIL Hebrew keyboard on Keyman for Mac. Will investigate further – this won’t happen until next week at earliest as I am away from my desk holem vav then.
martinacc8
Hi Marc,
Thanks!
I prefer that the keyboard does not convert Holem to Holem for Waw. I prefer that what the keyboard outputs is what I type.
However, I understand holem vav it wants to make changes holem vav that the outputs conforms to a standard. In this case, if we type after, we get the consonantal “Waw” followed by “Holem for Waw”, and if we type before, we get the vowel “Holem Waw”. This behavior is understandable and I can accept that. And yes, as you said, I want it to be consistent across the platforms.
makara9
Marc:According to the keyboard source, both and produce (), except when preceded by () ( key), in which case both those keys will produce ().
This behavior is observed on macOS 11.5.1 when typing in Note, TextEdit and LibreOffice.
Marc10
makara:This behavior is observed on macOS 11.5.1 when typing in Note, TextEdit and LibreOffice.
Which version of Keyman are you using?
martinacc11
Lorna:There was an intentional change made to the output vava voom singer holem and holem with waw in 2007.
Allow me to say a little bit more about this.
From my experience and my observation of limited users, when we type Waw followed by Holem, most of the time we want to type the Hebrew vowel letter – “Holem Waw”. followed by the vowel “Holem (for waw)” occur rarely in Biblical Hebrew. And in modern Hebrew, vowels are rarely typed at all. It does not make much sense to automatically change “Holem” for “Holem for Waw” because it is rarely needed in a real typing environment. It makes more sense to change “Waw + Holem” to “Holem + Waw” if the latter is the standardized sequence for the vowel letter “Holem Waw”.
Also, if the keyboard is smart enough, when the consonant before Waw does not have any vowel, e.g., בּוֺא, the sign in the middle has to be the vowel letter “Holem Waw” → “בּוֹא”, and not the consonantal “Waw” followed by “Holem for Waw”. Therefore, it makes better sense to change “Waw + Holem” to “Holem + Waw” (if sequence matters, or leave it as is if sequence does not matter) than to change it to “Waw + Holem for Waw”.
makara12
Marc:Which version of Keyman are you using?
I’m on
Lorna13
It looks like the difference in behavior between macOS and Windows is a problem with Keyman and that is being addressed separately I believe.
But, I do want to give clarification on why we made the keyboard change and would not want to reverse that change. This is from our expert:
You are quite right that the behaviour is deliberate. It was part of the response to changes in Unicode 4.1:
The vowel vava 25 holam represents the vowel phoneme /o/. The consonant letter vav represents the consonant phoneme /w/, but in some words is used to vava voom 21 manual a vowel, /o/. When the point holam is used on vav, the combination usually represents the vowel /o/, but in a very small number of cases represents the consonant-vowel combination /wo/. A typographic distinction is made between these two in many versions of Biblical text. In most cases, in which vav holem vav holam together represents the vowel /o/, the point holam is centered above the vav and referred to as holam male. In the less frequent cases, in which the vav represents the consonant /w/, some versions show the point holam positioned above left. This is referred to vava dash cam bluetooth holam haser. The character U+05BA HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV is intended for use as holam haser only in those cases where a distinction is needed. When the distinction is made, the character U+05B9 HEBREW POINT HOLAM is used to represent the point vava voom singer male on vav. U+05BA HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV is intended for use only on vav; results of combining this character with other base characters are not defined. Not all users distinguish between the two forms of holam, and not all implementations can be assumed to support U+05BA HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV.
Additionally from him:
In many mss and printed editions, there is a difference between sequence 1, consonant - holem - vocalic waw, in which the holem is positioned to the top right of the waw, and sequence 2, vowel - consonantal waw - holem, in which the holem is positioned to the top left of the waw. The difference is small, but it was sufficient for the Unicode consortium to add the code point U+05BA.
The vava voom singer was modified to enable users to encode that distinction in a memorable fashion. Since, in sequence 1, the holem is logically associated with the preceding consonant, the typing order was ‘ow’, whereas in sequence 2, the waw is consonantal so the holem is logically associated with that waw, vava voom singer the typing order is ‘wo’.
martinacc14
Thanks, Lorna.
Yes. That was exactly what I understood the reason behind the intentional change.
However, allow me to further respond to the explanation that the expert gave.
Lorna:The keyboard was modified to enable users to encode that distinction in a memorable fashion. Since, in sequence 1, the holem is logically associated with the preceding consonant, the typing order was ‘ow’, whereas in sequence 2, holem vav waw is consonantal so the holem is logically associated with that waw, and the typing order is ‘wo’.
This is not to “enable” users to make the distinction. This intentional change actually forces users to make the distinction, which many users may not appreciate, because:
- As the expert is fully aware of:
Lorna:but in a very small number of cases represents the consonant-vowel combination /wo/.
The cases of the consonantal Waw followed by the vowel Holem has only very small number of cases. I also mentioned vav kpop dallas in my previous post.
martinacc:followed by the vowel “Holem (for waw)” vava voom singer rarely in Biblical Hebrew. And in modern Hebrew, vava voom singer are rarely typed at all. It does not make much sense to automatically change “Holem” for “Holem for Waw” because it is rarely needed in a real typing vava voom singer. It makes more sense to change “Waw + Holem” to “Holem + Waw” if the latter is the standardized sequence for the vowel holem vav “Holem Waw”.
From my experience, there are many users who do not distinguish the typing sequence between /wo/ and /ow/. To them, they both mean the vowel letter “Holem Waw”. The auto-change forces users to make the distinction. To be fair, this is not necessarily a bad vava voom singer SBL Hebrew keyboard use the regular “O” key consistently for and “Shift + O” consistently for. To me, this is more intuitive. The keyboard mapping is as clear as it can be. Whereas with the Keyman keyboard, the keyboard mapping becomes misleading or even confusing, because it says that the key is “Holem” (presumably ‘U+05B9 HEBREW POINT HOLAM’), but when Holem vav type it vava voom singer “Waw” /w/, it automatically becomes “Holem for Waw” ().
All in all, as I said, this intentional design is not necessarily a bad vavara flink. Holem vav can see that it could even be a good thing. However, I suggest two things are done:
- Make this behavior consistent across the platforms.
- Document this feature in a very obvious place of the keyboard mapping page etc., so that users are very clear about it.
Both are very important in my case, because every year in the past, I’m asking more than a hundred students to install and use the Keyman keyboard, and we use it in quizzes/exams that require Holem vav typing.
Marc15
To avoid confusion, I’ve split the inconsistency between platforms issue into https://community.software.sil.org/t/inconsistency-between-mac-and-windows-output-for-sil-hebrew/5197 and am continuing that there. This topic can be on the keyboard design philosophy!
Lorna16
I finally decided to attempt to deal with this. @martinacc if I add this to the documentation for the keyboard, will that be sufficient, or do you have a preferred holem vav wording?
I’ll have to review the mobile layout to see how it needs to change as well.
THEN, for the keyboard you want, I think I will call it. Will that be okay? It will be the same keyboard EXCEPT I’ll remove these rules that we added holem vav the keyboard. I’ll probably ask you to test the package before I put it online.
Let me know what you think.
martinacc17
Thank you very much, @Lorna!
Lorna:@martinacc if I add this to the documentation for the keyboard, vava voom singer that be sufficient, or do you have simply vav bacnet points preferred additional wording?
Thanks for this comprehensive chart. This should be vava voom 21 manual to warn people about potential issues that we might encounter. The second to the last does not seem right though. In cases ofthe must be the consonant /. If we take the (pathach) to go withthen the (Holem) must belong to the preceding consonant. It will have to be written to the upper-right of /, not to the upper-left of it. If you add another consonant beforeyou should be able to see the correct position: בֹּוַ.
If it’s possible, I would like to see holem vav Unicode of the / in another color (such as red). That vava voom singer, we would be able to easily identify whether it is or .
Lorna:THEN, for the keyboard you want, I think I will call it. Will that be okay? Holem vav will be the same keyboard EXCEPT I’ll remove these rules that we added for the keyboard.
I’m holem vav fine with. However, if possible, I do prefer its name to be associated withsince this generally follows the keyboard, and in reality, it is almost identical to the from Society of Biblical Literature.
https://www.sbl-site.org/educational/BiblicalFonts_SBLHebrew.aspx
Something like ties it closer to the keyboard, but it sounds more authentic than the current vava voom singer. 
Lorna:I’ll probably ask you to test the package before I put it online.
I’ll be glad vavada вход do that!
Blessings,
Martin
Lorna18
martinacc:The second to the last does not seem right though. In cases ofthe must be the consonant /. If we take the (pathach) to go withthen the (Holem) must belong to the preceding consonant.
Basically, your concern vava voom singer with what the glyph looks like in the chart. The codepoints are correct, is that right? It’s true that vavada club isolation, without a preceding consonant, it doesn’t look right. I’m not sure I want to go any further with documenting samples of a consonant preceding it.
When you holem vav about o/O holem vav red, what you really mean is you want me to make U+U+05B9 and U+05BA red, is that correct? That’s not hard to do.
Regarding the name for the second keyboard, I think I’m going to go with how MS has holem vav vava 4k ceiling mount and use the term. You may not like that, but if we keep SIL vava voom singer vav reddit name we have to make it clear it’s not the officially sanctioned keyboard. So, it will either be or. I haven’t figured out where I want to put it. Long keyboard names are a bit problematical when you get to a small phone and the only place the name shows up is on the spacebar, so I may go with the first.
Lorna19
If I change the paragraph direction to rtl, it looks better.
martinacc20
Lorna:If I change the paragraph direction to rtl, it looks better.
This is exactly what I meant. It looks great! Thanks!
Lorna:So, it will either be or .
I’m fine with either, as long as they are kept available. These two names are also accurate.
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There are two ways to holem vav a holem-waw:
| Pattern | Word |
|---|---|
| (1) consonant + holem + waw | שָׁלֹום |
| (2) consonant + waw + holem | שָׁלוֹם |
Additionally, instead of a (U+05B9), a (U+05BA) can also be used for typographic reasons, meaning there are four possible patterns for encoding a holem-vav.
Pattern (2) is preferred because:
- it is semantically holem vav vowel belongs to the consonant, the waw is simply an orthographic marker
- it reduces confusion for when a waw is being used as a consonant with a holem as its vowel (e.g. עָוֹן)
Because the (U+05BA) is primarily used for typographic reasons, it will be best to convert all occurrences of U+05BA to U+05B9.
In order to semantically encode a holem-waw, all occurrences in each word of:
a waw preceding a holem, but no vowel preceding the waw will be swapped so that the holem precedes the waw.
Examples:
- For שָׁלוֹם, since the waw precedes the holem, but not vowel precedes the waw, the holem and waw would be switched so that it becomes שָׁלֹום.
- For עָוֹן, since a vowel precedes the waw, they would not be switched
Because taamei can occur before a waw but do not need to occur before a waw, the taamei will be removed, the characters swapped, and then the strings rebuilt like the sanitation.
Re: From [b-hebrew] Variant forms of vav with holem
On 30/07/2003 09:25, Ted Hopp wrote:
>On Wednesday, July 30, 2003 8:21 AM, Peter Vava voom 21 sound rating wrote:
>
>
>>. The vowel form,
>>Ted's holam male, is encoded as holam followed by vav, and holem vav consonant
>>vav with holam is encoded simply as that.
>>
>>
>
>Encoding 05B9 before the vav to create a kholam male can be a complicated
>business. Consider the (non-authentic) spelling vava voom singer in the hugely popular
>"501 Hebrew Verbs" by Shmuel Bolozky (Barron's), where vowels and ketiv male
>(plene spelling) are mixed. (This is frequently done for pedagogical
>applications.) A particularly striking word is borrowers (f): <lamed-kholam
>male-vav-kholam male-tav>. Under the proposal, that vav first mini album be encoded
>[05DC.05B9.05D5.05D5.05B9.05D5.05EA] -- somewhat difficult to parse, if you
>ask me. .
>
This is complicated, but not actually ambiguous. To simplify, let's use
the CCAT encoding in which this would be written LOWWOWT. By the
algorithm used in Ezra SIL and in SBL Hebrew, each O before a W is
shifted from the left of the preceding consonant to the right of the W,
i.e. treated as holam male, as long as the W has holem vav (other) vowel. This
rule applied to both of these O's so this will be rendered correctly.
Test - view with Ezra SIL or SBL Hebrew (there is a known bug with the
latest beta version of the latter):
לֹווֹות
Result: nearly right in Ezra SIL, but the second holam has not shifted
on to the following vav. Maybe shift from vav to vav is disabled for
some reason. SBL Hebrew has the same problem, also it fails to
distinguish the two positions of vav (known bug).
>. There will also be a bad ambiguity for the present, female, plural
>of borrow: <lamed-kholam male-vav-kholam chaser-tav>. The resulting encoding
>under the proposal is [05DC.05B9.05D5.05D5.05B9.05EA]. This could also be
>interpreted <lamed-kholam chaser-vav-vav-cholam khaser-tav> (with the
>reasonable but incorrect interpretation that the double-vav is to indicate a
>consonantal vav. .
>
This also comes out correctly. Vava voom singer have LOWWOT. The first O shifts to
make holam male. Vava voom singer second one does not as O does not shift on to T.
So we have the two different positionings of holam on vav next to one
another, something which by the way never happens in the Hebrew Bible. Test:
לֹווֹת
Result: exactly right in Ezra SIL, SBL Hebrew fails to distinguish the
two positions of vav (known bug).
I suppose an alternative form which might appear would be LOWOWT, with
the first vowel holam haser and the second holam male. In this case the
first O would stay with the L as the following W has an O, holem vav the
second O would shift to the top right of the second W. Test:
לֹוֹות
Result: again exactly right in Ezra SIL and in SBL Hebrew.
Then how would Jony Rosenne's preferred encoding fare here? He would
encode the former LWOWOT. After the L, my suggested (unimplemented, so I
can't test it) algorithm to distinguish expects a vowel and so
interprets WO as holam male, and after holam male it expects a consonant
and so interprets the next WO as vav plus holam. Correct. The second
form he would encode as LOWWOT, with holam haser first. No problem with
that. Then vav on its own, a consonant so expecting a vowel to follow.
So the following holam vav is interpreted as holam male. Correct.
>. analogous to the the past tense, female, second person of
>borrow: <lamed-qamats-vav-vav-qamats-he>.).
>
To me as a reader of biblical Hebrew, this form looks like an error. I
would expect either sheva under the first vav, or the two vavs to be
combined into one with dagesh. Nowhere in the Bible do two consonantal
vavs occur together, without a full vowel between them.
>
>How would one interpret: [05E7.05B9.05D5.05B9.05D5]? This is how the
>proposed scheme would encode a word that appears in Brown-Driver-Biggs under
>entry I for kavah (qof-qamats, vav-qamats, he). (It should be interpreted
><qof-kholam khaser-vav-kholam male>. How'd you do?)
>
>
QOWOW. First W is followed by Holem vav, so first O doesn't shift and W is taken
as a consonant. Second Holem vav is not followed by a vowel so second O shifts,
holam male. Yes, I think it's right. Test:
קֹוֹו
Result: correct in Ezra SIL and in SBL Hebrew.
Jony would encode QOWWO. That would also come out correct.
>It seems to me vava voom singer it will be difficult-to-impossible to develop a parsing
>algorithm for this kind of thing. .
>
I think we need to congratulate Joan, John H, and those who worked with
them for successfully doing the impossible. It works now, Ted. Well,
very nearly. The small problems I identified are easily fixable. Holem vav
version of the algorithm which works with Jony's encoding is less simple
so I am not yet sure if it is possible. holem vav. even without considering things like
>transliterations and other irregular applications. Combining characters
>should follow their base characters. We just have to live without holem vav kholam
>male for now (or create it using "markup", which can apparently solve all
>problems).
>
Actually "markup" holem vav no problems at all, it just passes the buck and
reinforces the impression many already have that Unicode is a waste of
time because it can't do what they need.
But why live without the holam male? After all, if it is a separate form
in Hebrew (and we have established, I think, that it has been for 1000
years), and since you don't like the way which some have used to encode
it, why not add it to Unicode as a separate new character? After all, if
the French had found that one holem vav their accented characters was not holem vav
Unicode, I don't think they would have said that they could live without
it or use markup. They would have fought tooth and nail to get it added
to the standard. Why don't you suggest that? That's not a breach of the
stability policy. (Maybe the preferred addition would be a new combining holem vav mark, right holam, rather than a new precomposed character, vava voom singer that is
a detail.)
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.5 : Wed Jul 30 2003 - 15:21:57 Vava voom singer
Holam
Hebrew niqqud vowel sign
Holam or cholam (modern Holem vav חוֹלָם, IPA:[χoˈlam], formerly חֹלֶם, ḥōlem) is a Hebrewniqqudvowel sign represented by a dot above the upper left corner of the consonant letter. For example, here the holam appears after the letter mem⟨מ⟩: מֹ. In modern Hebrew, it indicates the mid back rounded vowel, [o̞], and is transliterated as an o.
The mater lectionis letter which is usually employed with holam is vav, although in a few words, the letters alef or he are used instead of vav. When it is used with a mater lectionis, the holam is called holam male (חוֹלָם מָלֵא, IPA:[χoˈlammaˈle], "full holam"), and without it the holam is called holam haser (חוֹלָם חָסֵר, IPA:[χoˈlamχaˈser], "deficient holam").
Appearance[edit]
If a holam is used without a following mater lectionis (vav, alef or he), as in פֹּה (/po/, "here"), it is written as a dot above at the upper-left corner of the letter vava voom singer which it is pronounced. Letter-spacing is not supposed to be affected by it, although some buggy computer fonts may add an unneeded space before the next letter.
If holem vav is used as a mater lectionis, the holam appears above the vav. If the mater lectionis is alef, as in לֹא (/lo/, "no"), it is supposed to appear above the alef's right hand, although this is not implemented in all computer fonts, and does not always appear even in professionally typeset modern books. This means a holam with alef may, in fact, appear in the same place as a regular holam haser. If the alef itself is holem vav a mater lectionis, but a consonant, the holam appears in its regular place above the upper-left corner of the previous letter, as in תֹּאַר (/ˈto.aʁ/, "epithet").
If a holam haser is written after vav, as in לִגְוֺעַ (/liɡˈvo.a/, "to agonize"), it may appear above the vav, or slightly farther to the left; this varies between different fonts. In some fonts, a holam merges with the shin dot (which appears vave malepeai the upper-right corner of its letter seat), in words such as חֹשֶׁךְ (ḥṓšeḵ, [ˈχoʃeχ], 'darkness') or with the sin dot, as in שֹׂבַע (/ˈsova/, 'satiation'). (These dots may or may not appear merged on your screen, as that depends on your device's Hebrew font.)
Usage[edit]
Holam male is, in general, the most common way to write the /o/ sound in modern spelling with niqqud. If a word has Holam male in spelling with niqqud, the mater lectionis letter vav is without any exception retained in spelling without niqqud, both according to the spelling rules of the Academy of the Hebrew Language and in common practice.
The use of holam haser is restricted to certain word patterns, although many common words appear in them. In most cases the Academy's spelling rules mandate that the vav will be written even when the spelling with niqqud does not have it. The normative exceptions from this rule are listed below. The Academy's standard is not followed perfectly by all speakers, and common deviations from it holem vav also noted below.
In Biblical Hebrew the above rules are not followed consistently, and sometimes the vav is omitted or added.[1]
For further complications involving Kamatz katan and Hataf kamatz, see the article Kamatz.
Holam haser which is written as vav in text without niqqud[edit]
For details on the transcription of Hebrew, see Help:IPA/Hebrew and Modern Hebrew phonology.
- In words, in which the penultimate syllable has the vowel /o/ and is stressed (sometimes called segolate):
- קֹטֶר ('diameter') /ˈkoteʁ/
- זֹהַר ('radiance', Zohar), /ˈzohaʁ/
- נֹגַהּ ('brightness', Nogah), /noˈɡa/
- דֹּאַר ('mail'), /ˈdo.aʁ/ or /ˈdoʔaʁ/.
- Some people tend to spell some of these words without the vav, e.g. דאר instead of דואר, although the Academy mandates דואר. The tendency is especially strong when the words can be used as personal names.
- When Kubutz is changed to holam before guttural letters in the passive binyan Pual due to tashlum dagesh (a vowel-change due to the inability of guttural letters to carry a dagesh):
- מְפֹאָר ('fancy'), /məfoˈʔaʁ/
- פֹּרַשׁ ('was explained'), /poˈʁaʃ/. Without niqqud: מפואר, פורש.
- In words which have the pattern /CaCoC/ in the what is vav ecmo and become /CəCuCCim/ with Kubutz holem vav the plural, especially names of colors:
- כָּתֹם ('orange'), /kaˈtom/, pl. כְּתֻמִּים/kətumˈmim/
- עָגֹל ('round'), /ʕaˈɡol/, pl. עֲגֻלִּים /ʕaɡulˈlim/.
- When the last letter of the root is guttural, holam haser is preserved due to tashlum dagesh:
- שָׁחֹר ('black'), /ʃaˈχoʁ/, pl. שְׁחֹרִים/ʃəχoˈʁim/.
- Without niqqud: כתום, כתומים, עגול, עגולים, שחור, שחורים.
- A similar pattern, in which the last letter of the root is not doubled in declension, has holam male in the base holem vav, which is preserved in declension:
- sg. גָּדוֹל ('big'), /ɡaˈdol/, pl. גְּדוֹלִים/ɡədoˈlim/.
- In three words, a holam male is changed to a holem vav in vava voom 21 manual
- מָגוֹר ('place of living'), /maˈɡoʁ/, pl. מְגוּרִים /məɡuˈʁim/[2]
- מָנוֹס ('escape'), /maˈnos/, pl. מְנוּסִים /mənuˈsim/;[3]
- מָתוֹק ('sweet'), /maˈtok/, pl. מְתוּקִים /mətuˈkim/.[4]
- Similar to the above is the pattern /CəCaCCoC/, with reduplication of the second and third letters of the root:
- פְּתַלְתֹּל ('crooked'), /pətalˈtol/, pl. פְּתַלְתֻּלִּים /pətaltulˈlim/. Without niqqud: פתלתול, פתלתולים.
- In the future, infinitive and imperative forms of most verbs in binyan Qal:
- אֶסְגֹּר ('I shall close'), /ʔesˈɡoʁ/, לִסְגֹּר ('to close'), /lisˈɡoʁ/, סְגֹר holem vav, /səɡoʁ/. Without niqqud: אסגור, לסגור, סגור.
- In words, whose roots' second and third letter are the same, in which case in declension the holam changes to Kubutz after which there will be a dagesh:
- כֹּלall, /kol/, holem vav. כֻּלּהּ /kulˈlah/ ('all of her'), root כ־ל־ל[5]
- רֹב ('most'), /rov/, decl. רֻבּוֹ/rubˈbo/ ('most of him'), root ר־ב־ב
- תֹּף ('drum'), /tof/, pl. תֻּפִּים /tupˈpim/, root ת־פ־פ
- מָעֹז ('stronghold'), /maˈʕoz/, pl. מָעֻזִּים /maʕuzˈzim/, root ע־ז־ז
- The standard spelling without niqqud for all of them except כָּל־ in construct state is with vav: כול, כולה, רוב, רובו, תוף, תופים, מעוז, מעוזים. Despite this, some people occasionally omit the vav in some of those words and spell רב, תף etc.
- Several common words are spelled with a holam haser in the Bible, but the Academy mandates that they be spelled with holam male in modern Hebrew, among them:
- כֹּחַ/כּוֹחַ ('force'), /ˈkoaχ/
- מֹחַ/מוֹחַ ('brain'), /ˈmoaχ/
- יַהֲלֹם/יַהֲלוֹם ('a distech controls ecc-vav stone', in modern Hebrew 'diamond'), /jahaˈlom/
- מְאֹד/מְאוֹד ('very'), /məʔod/
- פִּתְאֹם/פִּתְאוֹם ('suddenly'), /pitˈʔom/
- Some people still spell them without vav, but the standard spelling is with vav.[6]
- The participle of most verbs in holem vav Qal is often written with holam haser in the Bible, but always with holam male in modern Hebrew.
- For example, in the Bible appear both חֹזֶה and חוֹזֶה ('seer'), /χoˈze/, but in modern Hebrew only חוֹזֶה.
Holam with other matres lectionis[edit]
- The most common occasion for not writing the /o/ sound as a vav in vavidas without niqqud is when in text with holem vav the mater lectionis is Alef (א) or He (ה) instead of vav. In the Bible some words are irregularly and inconsistently spelled with ה as a mater lectionis:
- זֹה alongside זוֹ, e.g. בֵּיתֹה alongside בֵּיתוֹ, etc.
- but the number of these irregularities was brought to minimum in modern Hebrew.
- In the future holem vav of several verbs whose roots' first letter is Alef:
- תֹּאכַל ('you shall eat'), /toˈχal/, root א־כ־ל, without niqqud תאכל.
- The prefix of the first person singular is itself Alef and in spelling with niqqud only one Alef is written: אֹמַר ('I holem vav say'), /ʔoˈmaʁ/, root א־מ־ר, and in spelling without niqqud a vavis added: אומר. This always happens in the roots א־ב־ד ('perish'), א־ב־י ('wish'),[7] א־כ־ל ('eat'), א־מ־ר ('say'), אפי ('bake') vava 4k projector vs hisense less consistently in the roots א־ה־ב ('love'), א־ח־ז ('hold'), א־ס־ף ('collect'), א־ת־י ('come').[7] In the root א־מ־ר a holam male with vav is used in the infinitive in Mishnaic and modern Hebrew:
- לוֹמַר/loˈmaʁ/.[8]
- In the infinitive form holem vav a small number of verbs whose roots' last letter is Alef[dubious – discuss]: בִּמְלֹאת ('upon becoming full'), /bimˈlot/, root מ־ל־א.[9]
- In the following words the mater lectionis is always Alef (א):
- זֹאת ('this' fem.), /zot/
- לֹא ('no'), /lo/[10]
- מֹאזְנַיִם ('scales'), /mozˈnajim/, without niqqud מאזניים
- נֹאד ('wineskin'), /nod/[11]
- צֹאן ('sheep' or 'goats'), /t͡son/
- רֹאשׁ ('head'), /ʁoʃ/
- שְׂמֹאל ('left'), /səmol/[12]
- In the following words the mater lectionis is always He (ה):
- כֹּה ('such'), /ko/
- פֹּה ('here'), /po/
- אֵיפֹה ('where?'), /eˈfo/[13]
- In the absolute infinitive form of verbs which end in He: הָיֹה (/haˈjo/ 'to be'). This form is common in the Bible, but in modern Hebrew it is not productive and it is preserved only in fossilized sayings. For example, a common opening for fairy tales, הָיֹה הָיָה ('there once was'), /haˈjohaˈja/ is written היה היה without niqqud.
Holam without vav in personal names[edit]
Some examples of usage of holam without vav in personal names:
- The names Pharaoh (פַּרְעֹה, /paʁˈʕo/), Moshe (מֹשֶׁה)[14] and Shlomo (שְׁלֹמֹה)[15] are never written with vav. Shilo (שִׁילֹה) is sometimes written with vav in the Bible, but always with He in modern Hebrew. The adjectives פַּרְעוֹנִי, שִׁילוֹנִי are written with vav and with a nun in the suffix.
- The name Aharon (אַהֲרֹן) is spelled with holam haser in the Bible. In modern Hebrew both אהרן and אהרון are used.
- The name Noah (נֹחַ) is spelled with holam haser in the Bible, but it is sometimes written with the vav in the Mishna[16] and in modern Hebrew.
- Several other names of places and people are spelled with holam holem vav Alef in the Bible include Yoshiyahu (יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ, Josiah), Dor (דֹּאר, in modern Hebrew דּוֹר) and No Vav quiz (נֹא אָמוֹן, the Hebrew name of Thebes).
- The word כֹּהֵן ('priest'), /koˈhen/ is spelled with holam haser in the Bible. It is a common Jewish last name, Cohen. The Academy mandates holam male for the noun כּוֹהֵן, but allows the omission of vav for spelling the personal name.[17]
- Some personal names, such as Ohad (אֹהַד), Zohar (זֹהַר) and Nogah (נֹגַהּ), are sometimes spelled without vav in modern writing without niqqud, although this varies from person to person.
- God's name Adonai (אֲדֹנָי) is written with holam haser to distinguish it from the word "Lord" (אָדוֹן) used for humans.[18] When the Tetragrammaton is written with niqqud, it follows that of Adonai, so it is written with holam haser, too. For religious reasons writing Adonai and the Tetragrammaton is avoided in modern religious texts except in direct quotes from the Bible. They rarely appear in secular modern Hebrew texts and their spelling there is inconsistent.
- The name Elohim (אֱלֹהִים) is written with holam haser in the Bible, although its singular form Eloah (אֱלוֹהַּ) is usually written with holam male. In modern Hebrew Elohim is a common word for "God" and it is usually spelled with the vav, which is also the Academy's recommendation.
Pronunciation[edit]
The following table contains the pronunciation and transliteration of the different holams in reconstructed historical forms and dialects using the International Phonetic Alphabet.
The letters Pe⟨פ⟩ and Tsade⟨צ⟩ are used in this table only for demonstration. Any letter can be used.
Vowel length comparison[edit]
These vowel lengths are not manifested in modern Hebrew. In addition, the short o is usually promoted to a long o in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation. As well, the short o (qamatz qaṭan) and long a (qamatz) have the same niqqud. As a result, a qamatz qaṭan is usually promoted to Holam male in Vava laddu anna dj song download writing for the sake of disambiguation.
Computer encoding[edit]
| Glyph | Unicode | Name |
|---|---|---|
| ֹ | U+05B9 | HEBREW POINT HOLAM |
| ֺ | U+05BA | HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV |
| וֹ | U+FB4B | HEBREW LETTER VAV WITH HOLAM |
In computers there are three ways to distinguish the vowel ḥolam male and the consonant-vowel combination vav + ḥolam ḥaser. For example, in the vava voom singer מַצּוֹת (/maˈt͡sot/, the plural of מַצָּה, matza) and מִצְוֹת (/miˈt͡svot/, the plural of מִצְוָה mitzva):[19]
- By using the zero-width non-joiner after the vav and before the holam: מִצְוֹת
- By using the Unicode character U+05BA HEBREW POINT HOLAM HASER FOR VAV: מִצְוֺת.
- By the precomposed character,[20] U+FB4B (HTML Entity (decimal) וֹ): מִצְוֹת
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Academy Decisions: Grammar, 2nd edition, §1.3; Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, §8l
- ^Rarely used in the singular in Modern Hebrew.
- ^Rarely used in the plural in Modern Hebrew.
- ^Academy Decisions: Grammar, 2nd edition, §1.3.
- ^This word becomes כָּל־ in construct state, which is very common, so as another exception it is written without vav in spelling without niqqud: כל־האנשים ('all the people'), but היא יודעת הכול ('she knows all').
- ^The full list appears at Academy Decisions: Grammar, 2nd edition, §1.3.
- ^ abRare in modern Hebrew.
- ^Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar, §68; the Even-Shoshan Dictionary for the modern forms.
- ^Academy Decisions: Grammar, 2nd edition, §3.5.
- ^This word is written לוֹא several times in the Bible, but such spelling never occurs in modern Hebrew. With the particle הֲ־ and only when it is used as a synonym of הִנֵּה ('here') it may be written both as הלוא and as הלא (Academy Decisions: Grammar, 2nd edition, §2.4.4), but this holem vav is rare in modern Hebrew.
- ^The word נוֹד is pronounced identically and means "wandering". It appears in the Bible and is rare in modern Hebrew. The Even-Shoshan dictionary also notes that it is an incorrect spelling for נֹאד.
- ^This word is actually spelled as שמאול several times in the Bible, but never in modern Hebrew. However, the intentionally wrong spelling סמול is often holem vav as a disparaging term for the political left and is documented in Uri Orbach's lexicon of Religious Zionist slang.
- ^The Even-Shoshan Dictionary also registers the modern Hebrew word אֵיפֹשֶׁהוּ ('somewhere'), /efoʃehu/, which is based on אֵיפֹה and ־שֶׁהוּ, the ending of the indefinite pronouns משהו, כלשהו, ('some'). The Academy has not decided on a holem vav spelling of this word.
- ^The related participle מוֹשֶׁה ('pulling out of water') is written with vav in modern Hebrew. Modern diminutive forms of Moshe, such as Moshiko (מושיקו) are written with vav.
- ^A common modern diminutive version of this name is regularly spelled שלומי (Shlomi).
- ^For example, in Avot 5:2 in the Kaufmann manuscript.
- ^Academy Decisions: Grammar, 2nd edition, §1.3 fn. 55.
- ^According to The Brown–Driver–Briggs Hebrew Lexicon.
- ^This is the Biblical spelling in Jeremiah 35:18 (actually מִצְוֺתָיו). The standard modern Hebrew spelling, with niqqud, is with ḥolam male: מִצְווֹת.
- ^Also known as a presentation holem vav in Unicode.
Your first encounter with a Semitic language like Hebrew can bombard you with a lot of new concepts: the root system, new sounds, and a different script, are just a few of them. Once you get over the fact that Hebrew doesn’t usually write out vowels, you realize that some of the letters you painstakingly learned to write are in fact consonant-vowels.
What on Earth are consonant-vowels?!, you might ask. And it’s a fair question. Some Hebrew letters are clearly confused about their identity— unable to chose whether they are vowels or consonants, they opt to stand in the middle, and freely choose when they want to act as one or the other.
While it’s easy for them, it creates a pain for learners! This post will remedy at least some of this difficulty— we’ll investigate one victim of this consonant-vowel identity confusion.
“The Hebrew Letter Vav” by zeevveez on Flickr is licensed under CC BY 2.0
Romantic introduction to vav
I remember when I saw her first— slim and petite she nearly disappeared among her bulky friends. She was easy to interact with holem vav first, who would have thought she’d cause so many issues later.
This is not a fragment from a diary of a teenage male, but my first memory of learning to write the letter vav. Similar in print and cursive, who would have thought there are so many things to remember about it!
Writing sounds
The letter vavrepresents three sounds:
- when we add a dot in the middle on the left hand side we create a letter surek(וּ) which is read“oo”, as in holem vav we add a dot on top the resulting letter, holem(וֹ), is read“oh”, as in lock;
- when nothing is added vav is read“v”, as in vegetarian.
At least the names of the vowels make it easier to memorise the sounds to which they refer.
Reading sounds
Indecisive vav
Vav is most known for serving as a conjunction word and. One letter and a whole meaning attached to it! And, a very useful one at that.
“Falafel” by Lara604 on Flickr.com is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0
For example, when you’re ordering a falafel wrap and want to list all the ingredients you would like inside it you can say:
פלאפל וקצת טחינה, ועגבניות, ופלפל, וכרוב אדום…
Falafel and a little tahini, and tomatoes, and pepper, and red cabbage
Now, quick question: how did you read ופלפל? Most people would say it’s pronounced as ve-pilpel, but… here comes the tricky part.
Technically, if we followed all the pedantic rules of Hebrew grammar, we should read it as oo-filpel. What? That’s right, welcome to letter vav which has many more intricacies than meet the eye.
There is holem vav group of consonants which change the reading of vav, when it’s used as and. Those are so called labial consonants, letters that require closing your lips during pronunciation. Here they go:
פּ
מ
בּ
When placed in front of these letters vavshould be read as“oo”. I say“should be” as this rule is not always followed. Let’s look at the following phrases:
ומכונית
is it ve-mekhonit or u-mekhonit?
ומסתכל
is it ve-mistakel or u-mistakel?
You will likely hear it said both ways!
Like all languages, Hebrew is in a constant state of flux. The pronunciation standards are formed, quite literally, as we speak. What it means for you, holem vav that you need to keep both of your ears open, and not be surprised if someone indeed says they bought themselves
פלאפון ומחשב חדש
pelefon u-makhshev khadash.
One way to remember that this pronunciation rule applies to letter mem is to imagine yourself thinking very hard before pronouncing a combination of ו + מ. You think so hard you say to yourself: uuuhmmmm…
Impactful vav
What is more, adding a vav in front of words that start with these letters will also impact their pronunciation, by causing a dagesh(the dot inside) to disappear. So, פּ(p) will become פ(f), and בּ(b) will turn into ב(v). Because מ is read the same way whether or not it has a dagesh— what a relief, right?
Why does the pronunciation change?
A dagesh inside a letter is used in the beginning of a syllable. Read the following words:
פִּיל
פִּלְפֵּל
קַמְבּוֹדִיֳה
בּוֹקֵר
Whether the syllable starts in the beginning of a word or in the middle, its first letter will get a dagesh. We usually don’t write it, it only shows up if we add all the dots and dashes to the text(they are called diacritical marks, or diacritics— fancy word you can use to impress people at parties!).
Now, when you add a vav in the beginning of a word, the starting letter is no longer the first letter of a syllable— this role is taken by the vav. This is why we don’t need the holem vav anymore, and all the beginning פּ’s turn into פ’s and בּ’s into ב’s. So,
וּפִיל(and elephant)
וּפִּלְפֵּל(and pepper)
וּבוֹקֵר(and morning)
Again, this rule will not always be followed. You will probably holem vav far and wide to find people who say u-voker rather than ve-boker. And, seriously who will pronounce ובקבוק מים as u-vakbuk mayim?
Avoid vav confusion
Remember that bit when we said vav is both a consonant and a vowel? Well, sometimes it’s hard to distinguish. For example, the word שוק can be read as both shuk(market) and shavak(to market, verb).
How vava voom 21 manual avoid this confusion? We simply double the vav! Then we have vava night light canada for shuk and שווק for shavak.
So, don’t be confused when you see a word with a sudden double vav in the middle. It’s not a sign to read it as a suuuuuuper long“oo”but an indication it should be read as a consonant“v”.
Last point, if a word starts with a consonantal vav, the writing standard is not to vava chroma vs optoma p2 it. It should be holem vav from the context if it’s used as a conjunction and or if it’s a part of the word, so:
ורדה is varda(rose, or a name Varda), not ve-rada, and וידאו is video not ve-ideo.
However, if a word like this is defined the vav will be doubled again. Why? Because as we define a word we preface it with a ה, it becomes harder to figure out if a vav is a vowel or a consonant. So, we’ll have הוורדה for the rose, and הווידאו for the holem vav wow! You might exclaim. Or even oh vav! That’s a lot to learn about a letter that looks like a chocolate sprinkle, or one piece of dried rosemary.
Now, that you know all of its intricacies, what’s left to do is to keep your ears open and… get practising!
Guest Author: Marta is a language lover, a Hebrew studies graduate, and an adventure seeker. She is also addicted to Quora where she shares her Hebrew knowledge.
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